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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Starrer Körper</span></h1>
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<p>Der <b>starre Körper</b> ist in der <a href="Klassische_Mechanik" title="Klassische Mechanik">klassischen Mechanik</a> eine <a href="Idealisierung_(Physik)" title="Idealisierung (Physik)">idealisierte Modellvorstellung</a>, die von einem nicht <a href="Verformbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Verformbar">verformbaren</a> <a href="K%C3%B6rper_(Physik)" title="Körper (Physik)">Körper</a> ausgeht. Der Körper kann eine kontinuierliche <a href="Massenverteilung" title="Massenverteilung">Massenverteilung</a> aufweisen oder ein System von diskreten <a href="Massenpunkt" title="Massenpunkt">Massenpunkten</a> sein (z.&nbsp;B. <a href="Atom" title="Atom">Atome</a>, <a href="Molek%C3%BCl" title="Molekül">Moleküle</a>). Die Nichtverformbarkeit bedeutet, dass zwei beliebige Punkte des Körpers unabhängig von äußeren Kräften immer den gleichen Abstand zueinander besitzen. Verformungen wie <a href="Durchbiegung" title="Durchbiegung">Durchbiegung</a>, <a href="Kompressionsmodul" title="Kompressionsmodul">Kompression</a>, <a href="Dehnung" title="Dehnung">Dehnung</a> oder innere <a href="Schwingung" title="Schwingung">Schwingungen</a> werden damit ausgeschlossen.
</p><p>Die <b>Mechanik starrer Körper</b> oder <b>Stereomechanik</b> (von <span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Neugriechische_Sprache" title="Neugriechische Sprache">griechisch</a></span> <span lang="el-Grek" class="Grek" style="font-style:normal">στερεός</span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261937631">
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</style><span class="Latn" lang="el-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">stereós</span>, deutsch <span lang="de" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal">‚steif, hart, fest‘</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) befasst sich mit der Bewegung starrer Körper unter dem Einfluss äußerer Kräfte. Ein wichtiges Teilgebiet ist die <a href="Statik_starrer_K%C3%B6rper" title="Statik starrer Körper">Statik starrer Körper</a>, die sich mit ruhenden starren Körpern befasst. Als Bewegungen treten in der Mechanik starrer Körper ausschließlich <a href="Translation_(Physik)" title="Translation (Physik)">Translationsbewegungen</a> des gesamten Körpers in eine Richtung und <a href="Rotation_(Physik)" title="Rotation (Physik)">Rotationsbewegungen</a> des Körpers um eine Achse auf.
Zusätzliche Bewegungsformen, wie Schwingungen einzelner Massenpunkte oder <a href="Verformung" title="Verformung">Verformungen</a> des Körpers, werden in der allgemeineren <a href="Mechanik_fester_K%C3%B6rper" title="Mechanik fester Körper">Mechanik fester Körper</a> mit den Methoden der <a href="Kontinuumsmechanik" title="Kontinuumsmechanik">Kontinuumsmechanik</a>, <a href="Elastizit%C3%A4tstheorie" title="Elastizitätstheorie">Elastizitätstheorie</a>, <a href="Plastizit%C3%A4tstheorie" title="Plastizitätstheorie">Plastizitätstheorie</a> oder <a href="Festigkeitslehre" title="Festigkeitslehre">Festigkeitslehre</a> behandelt.
</p><p>In der Realität gibt es keine starren Körper, da sich jeder Körper unter der Einwirkung von Kräften verformt. Häufig sind die Verformungen jedoch so gering, dass sie für Berechnungen vernachlässigt werden können und diese Idealisierung probat ist.
</p><p>Die Modellvorstellung des starren Körpers findet so vielfache Anwendung, insbesondere in den Teilgebieten der <a href="Statik_(Mechanik)" title="Statik (Mechanik)">Statik</a> und der <a href="Kinematik" title="Kinematik">Kinematik</a> der <a href="Technische_Mechanik" title="Technische Mechanik">Technischen Mechanik</a>, sowie als Anwendung in der <a href="Robotik" title="Robotik">Robotik</a>, der Auslegung von <a href="Fahrwerk" title="Fahrwerk">Fahrwerken</a> und <a href="Motor" title="Motor">Motoren</a>, siehe <a href="Mehrk%C3%B6rpersystem" title="Mehrkörpersystem">Mehrkörpersystem</a> und <a href="Mehrk%C3%B6rpersimulation" title="Mehrkörpersimulation">Mehrkörpersimulation</a>. Die <a href="Kreiseltheorie" title="Kreiseltheorie">Kreiseltheorie</a> ist die Wissenschaft von der Drehung starrer Körper.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typologie_starrer_Körper_und_Systeme_mehrerer_starrer_Körper"><span id="Typologie_starrer_K.C3.B6rper_und_Systeme_mehrerer_starrer_K.C3.B6rper"></span>Typologie starrer Körper und Systeme mehrerer starrer Körper</h2></div>
<p>In der Technischen Mechanik gibt es zahlreiche Varianten des starren Körpers, die sich in ihrer Ausdehnung und ihren Belastungen unterscheiden. Außerdem gibt es noch zusammengesetzte starre Körper.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Annähernd eindimensionale Körper sind Balken und Stab. Bei ihnen ist die Länge deutlich größer als die Breite oder Tiefe.
</p>
<ul><li>An einem <a href="Stab_(Statik)" title="Stab (Statik)">Stab</a> greifen nur Zug- oder Druckkräfte an.</li>
<li>An einem <a href="Balken" title="Balken">Balken</a> können auch <a href="Querkraft" title="Querkraft">Querkräfte</a> und <a href="Drehmoment" title="Drehmoment">Momente</a> angreifen, die ihn verbiegen oder tordieren (verdrillen).</li>
<li>Gekrümmte Balken werden als Bogen bezeichnet.</li>
<li>Werden mehrere Stäbe oder Balken zusammengesetzt mit einer Verbindung die ebenfalls starr ist, so erhält man einen <a href="Rahmen_(Bauwesen)" title="Rahmen (Bauwesen)">Rahmen</a>. Manchmal werden auch gelenkige Verbindungen von Balken als Rahmen bezeichnet.</li></ul>
<p>Flächige Körper sind:
</p>
<ul><li>Die <a href="Scheibe" title="Scheibe">Scheibe</a>, bei der sämtliche auftretenden Kräfte oder Momente in der Ebene liegen, in der sich die Scheibe befindet, beispielsweise eine Mauer, die durch ihr Eigengewicht belastet wird.</li>
<li>Die <a href="Platte_(Technische_Mechanik)" title="Platte (Technische Mechanik)">Platte</a>, bei der die Kräfte oder Momente in einem beliebigen Winkel angreifen. Dazu zählt eine Decke, die durch Auflasten belastet ist und eine gewisse Spannweite hat, oder eine Mauer, wenn Seiten<a href="Wind" title="Wind">winde</a> sie belasten.</li>
<li>Die <a href="Schale_(Technische_Mechanik)" title="Schale (Technische Mechanik)">Schale</a>, die nicht eben ist, sondern gekrümmt. Ein Spezialfall ist die <a href="Membran" title="Membran">Membran</a>.</li></ul>
<p>Wenn einzelne starre Körper durch <a href="Gelenk_(Technik)" title="Gelenk (Technik)">Gelenke</a> oder Kraftelemente miteinander verbunden sind, so spricht man von einem System starrer Körper.
</p>
<ul><li><a href="Stabwerk_(Technische_Mechanik)" title="Stabwerk (Technische Mechanik)">Stabwerke</a> bestehen aus mehreren Stäben. Dazu zählen insbesondere die <a href="Fachwerk" title="Fachwerk">Fachwerke</a>.</li>
<li>Mehrere Scheiben ergeben eine Scheibenverbindung</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reine_Drehbewegung_eines_starren_Körpers"><span id="Reine_Drehbewegung_eines_starren_K.C3.B6rpers"></span>Reine Drehbewegung eines starren Körpers</h2></div>

<div class="sieheauch" role="navigation" style="font-style:italic;"><span class="sieheauch-text">Siehe auch</span>: <a href="Starrer_Rotator" title="Starrer Rotator">Starrer Rotator</a></div>
<p>Wird eine Drehachse festgelegt, so wird eine fortdauernde Rotation durch die <a href="Winkelgeschwindigkeit" title="Winkelgeschwindigkeit">Winkelgeschwindigkeit</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}">
<semantics>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f4e066a68ceb355e3314fb2b97f1c0c421ca6074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.446ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}" loading="lazy"></span> beschrieben. Sie ist ein Vektor in Richtung der Drehachse, wobei sein Betrag die Geschwindigkeit angibt, mit der der Drehwinkel wächst. Jeder Punkt des Körpers bewegt sich mit der Bahngeschwindigkeit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}={\vec {\omega }}\times {\vec {r}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}={\vec {\omega }}\times {\vec {r}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/eac5e5f9551ad9a2c8a68ff050352a2f2ec34783.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:9.783ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}={\vec {\omega }}\times {\vec {r}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>in konstantem Abstand von der Drehachse auf einem Kreis, der senkrecht zur Drehachse liegt. Dabei ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6aec3c9ce13b53e9e24c98e7cce4212627884c91.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.223ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}" loading="lazy"></span> der <a href="Ortsvektor" title="Ortsvektor">Ortsvektor</a> des Punktes in einem Koordinatensystem, dessen Ursprung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}=0}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}=0}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3019dd91691a543b774831d8c257144327e6eb8b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.484ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}=0}" loading="lazy"></span> auf der Drehachse liegt. In Richtung des Vektors <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f4e066a68ceb355e3314fb2b97f1c0c421ca6074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.446ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}" loading="lazy"></span> gesehen, findet die Rotation im Uhrzeigersinn statt (wie bei der <a href="Korkenzieherregel" title="Korkenzieherregel">Korkenzieherregel</a>).
</p><p>Herleitung: Bei konstanter Drehgeschwindigkeit durchläuft der Punkt in der Zeit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T={\tfrac {2\pi }{\omega }}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T={\tfrac {2\pi }{\omega }}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3347c968f01d12ca038afea15a5b42c530ba477a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:7.335ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T={\tfrac {2\pi }{\omega }}}" loading="lazy"></span> einen Kreis mit dem Umfang <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s=2\pi \,r_{1}=2\pi \,r\sin(\vartheta )}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s=2\pi \,r_{1}=2\pi \,r\sin(\vartheta )}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3947653f58807e78abc736ba18f3cb38f8b5b763.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:22.628ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s=2\pi \,r_{1}=2\pi \,r\sin(\vartheta )}" loading="lazy"></span>, hat also die Geschwindigkeit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v=s/T=\omega \,r\sin(\vartheta )}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v=s/T=\omega \,r\sin(\vartheta )}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3a4513886cf2f6839b0e55356b35802c9908d83a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.521ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v=s/T=\omega \,r\sin(\vartheta )}" loading="lazy"></span>. Das ist gleich dem Betrag des Vektors <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}\times {\vec {r}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}\times {\vec {r}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9411a4c8fe2cb702af6dad77681b75b524576b1c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.509ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}\times {\vec {r}}}" loading="lazy"></span> (<a href="Kreuzprodukt" title="Kreuzprodukt">Kreuzprodukt</a>), der auch die Richtung von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/85820588abd7333ef4d0c56539cb31c20e730753.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.175ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}}" loading="lazy"></span> richtig angibt.
Diese Betrachtung gilt auch für jeden anderen mitgedrehten Vektor, z.&nbsp;B. für die Basisvektoren <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {e}}'_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>e</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {e}}'_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e6568cb849b7c31c16a56aa335fb6caca3e735fb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.091ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {e}}'_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> eines körperfesten Koordinatensystems. Deren Änderungsgeschwindigkeit ist
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} {\hat {e}}'_{i}}{\mathrm {d} t}}\,=\,{\vec {\omega }}\times {\hat {e}}'_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<msubsup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>e</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>=</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>e</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} {\hat {e}}'_{i}}{\mathrm {d} t}}\,=\,{\vec {\omega }}\times {\hat {e}}'_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/729cb41570c6e7ffea46fc3633e9d7b39b400df4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:14.47ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} {\hat {e}}'_{i}}{\mathrm {d} t}}\,=\,{\vec {\omega }}\times {\hat {e}}'_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Mehrere gleichzeitig ablaufende Drehbewegungen mit verschiedenen Winkelgeschwindigkeiten <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}_{1},\;{\vec {\omega }}_{2},\,\ldots }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}_{1},\;{\vec {\omega }}_{2},\,\ldots }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4f303d869a19b3db1b88e9fc73dbeae898508935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.823ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}_{1},\;{\vec {\omega }}_{2},\,\ldots }" loading="lazy"></span> sind äquivalent zu einer einzigen Drehbewegung mit der Winkelgeschwindigkeit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f4e066a68ceb355e3314fb2b97f1c0c421ca6074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.446ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}" loading="lazy"></span>, die die <a href="Vektoraddition" class="mw-redirect" title="Vektoraddition">vektorielle Summe</a> aller einzelnen Winkelgeschwindigkeiten ist: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}={\vec {\omega }}_{1}+{\vec {\omega }}_{2}+\ldots }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}={\vec {\omega }}_{1}+{\vec {\omega }}_{2}+\ldots }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7cb17b586dc99c14d3469063061df747be1c43f1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:17.948ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}={\vec {\omega }}_{1}+{\vec {\omega }}_{2}+\ldots }" loading="lazy"></span>. Es findet also insgesamt zu jedem Zeitpunkt immer nur eine wohlbestimmte Rotation um eine wohlbestimmte Achse statt.
</p><p>Ebenso gehören zu jeder endlichen Drehung eine bestimmte Achse und ein bestimmter Drehwinkel. Mehrere hintereinander ausgeführte endliche Drehungen sind äquivalent zu einer einzigen endlichen Drehung, deren Achse allerdings nicht mit der Vektorsumme der einzelnen Drehachsen zu ermitteln ist. Auch hängt bei nacheinander ausgeführten Drehungen um verschiedene Achsen der Endzustand von der Reihenfolge ab. Dies gilt jedoch nicht für infinitesimale Drehungen, siehe den Eintrag zur <a href="Winkelgeschwindigkeit#Kommutative_Addition_von_Winkelgeschwindigkeiten" title="Winkelgeschwindigkeit">Kommutativität der Addition von Winkelgeschwindigkeiten</a>. Deshalb besitzt die Winkelgeschwindigkeit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f4e066a68ceb355e3314fb2b97f1c0c421ca6074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.446ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}" loading="lazy"></span> den <a href="Vektor" title="Vektor">Vektor</a>­charakter, der für die einfache mathematische Beschreibung wesentlich ist. Zudem besitzen alle Teilchen eines ausgedehnten starren Körpers dieselbe Winkelgeschwindigkeit, siehe dort.
</p><p>Statt durch Drehachse und Drehwinkel wird eine endliche Drehung häufig durch die drei <a href="Eulerwinkel" class="mw-redirect" title="Eulerwinkel">Eulerwinkel</a> parametrisiert. Sie sind die Drehwinkel von drei Drehungen um festgelegte Koordinatenachsen, die in festgelegter Reihenfolge ausgeführt werden und so die betrachtete Drehung ergeben. Diese Darstellung eignet sich oft besser für konkrete Berechnungen. Sie lässt sich in die Darstellung mit vektorieller Drehachse und Drehwinkel umrechnen<sup id="cite_ref-Lindner1984_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindner1984-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, die Formeln haben aber wenig praktische Bedeutung. Weitere Parametrisierungsmöglichkeiten für Drehungen finden sich in den Einträgen <a href="Quaternion" title="Quaternion">Quaternion</a>, <a href="Rodrigues-Formel" title="Rodrigues-Formel">Rodrigues-Formel</a>, <a href="Euler-Rodrigues-Formel" title="Euler-Rodrigues-Formel">Euler-Rodrigues-Formel</a> und <a href="Orthogonaler_Tensor" title="Orthogonaler Tensor">Orthogonaler Tensor</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allgemeine_Bewegungen_starrer_Körper"><span id="Allgemeine_Bewegungen_starrer_K.C3.B6rper"></span>Allgemeine Bewegungen starrer Körper</h2></div>

<p>Die Bewegung des Körpers lässt sich in eine gleichmäßige Translation aller Partikel des Körpers (und damit auch des Körperschwerpunkts) und eine Rotation zerlegen, siehe Bild. Die Translation werde durch die Bewegung eines Bezugspunkts <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {s}}(t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {s}}(t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bd4ac913cab83bbf9f828d6ac7c2c0bf159160a6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.872ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {s}}(t)}" loading="lazy"></span> beschrieben (blau im Bild), um den sich der Starrkörper dreht.
</p><p>Im dreidimensionalen Raum führt die Berechnung der Geschwindigkeit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}({\vec {x}},t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}({\vec {x}},t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/36ed41b85eb8fc84d8f198b82417bde0f4c5bc8c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.188ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}({\vec {x}},t)}" loading="lazy"></span> eines sich zur Zeit <i>t</i> am Ort <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/db2dc6ced9cc3bc7e8b9f2707cbec033f6d3759c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}" loading="lazy"></span> befindlichen Partikels des Starrkörpers auf die <i>eulersche Geschwindigkeitsgleichung</i>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}({\vec {x}},t)={\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]\,.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}({\vec {x}},t)={\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]\,.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d1b23a91acf9f55fa1ee2ed1605dabc8ea09da49.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:33.338ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}({\vec {x}},t)={\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]\,.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die Beschleunigung ergibt sich zu:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}({\vec {x}},t)={\ddot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\vec {\omega }}}(t)\times [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]+{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>¨<!-- ¨ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}({\vec {x}},t)={\ddot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\vec {\omega }}}(t)\times [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]+{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5462136f4586d01d58d427f0a4ebc39271d7b137.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:59.698ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}({\vec {x}},t)={\ddot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\vec {\omega }}}(t)\times [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]+{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]]}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Dabei ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f4e066a68ceb355e3314fb2b97f1c0c421ca6074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.446ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}" loading="lazy"></span> die <a href="Winkelgeschwindigkeit" title="Winkelgeschwindigkeit">Winkelgeschwindigkeit</a>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {\vec {\omega }}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {\vec {\omega }}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/86ced775bc189194817dc8d335041da5cefed5f8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.446ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {\vec {\omega }}}}" loading="lazy"></span> die <a href="Winkelbeschleunigung" title="Winkelbeschleunigung">Winkelbeschleunigung</a> des starren Körpers und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ddot {\vec {s}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>¨<!-- ¨ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ddot {\vec {s}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/70c7aa47905ab7b2386234cf221e95a892f6bd7c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.257ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ddot {\vec {s}}}}" loading="lazy"></span> die Beschleunigung des Bezugspunkts. Das Argument <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/db2dc6ced9cc3bc7e8b9f2707cbec033f6d3759c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}" loading="lazy"></span> des Geschwindigkeits- und Beschleunigungsfeldes ist ein Raumpunkt und darf keineswegs mit dem Partikel verwechselt werden, das sich dort aufhält.
</p><p>Die Herleitung dieser in <a href="Eulersche_Betrachtungsweise" title="Eulersche Betrachtungsweise">eulerscher Darstellung</a> vorliegenden Bewegungsgleichungen gelingt in der <a href="Lagrangesche_Betrachtungsweise" title="Lagrangesche Betrachtungsweise">lagrangeschen Darstellung</a> wie folgt.
</p><p>Sei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}={\vec {\chi }}(P,t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}={\vec {\chi }}(P,t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/594d370ec563678966fa1cb50221f25e969c634c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.312ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}={\vec {\chi }}(P,t)}" loading="lazy"></span> die Funktion, die den Raumpunkt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/db2dc6ced9cc3bc7e8b9f2707cbec033f6d3759c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}" loading="lazy"></span> angibt, an dem sich ein Partikel <i>P</i> des Starrkörpers zur Zeit <i>t</i> aufhält. Für ein festgehaltenes Partikel <i>P</i> beschreibt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\chi }}(P,t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\chi }}(P,t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/965d50a14317b7bbacf7c7d70e3473259c4ff23e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.883ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\chi }}(P,t)}" loading="lazy"></span> seine <a href="Bahnlinie" title="Bahnlinie">Bahnlinie</a> durch den Raum. Sei <i>S</i> der Bezugspunkt, dessen Bahnlinie mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {s}}(t)={\vec {\chi }}(S,t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {s}}(t)={\vec {\chi }}(S,t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f09ab10c13e201d542331514537d1dec50aa72cb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.608ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {s}}(t)={\vec {\chi }}(S,t)}" loading="lazy"></span> gegeben ist. Die Verbindungslinie des Partikels <i>P</i> zum Bezugspunkt <i>S</i> führt eine Drehung aus, die mit einer <a href="Orthogonale_Abbildung" title="Orthogonale Abbildung">orthogonalen Abbildung</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {Q} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {Q} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132d0144479d6f47c30ad82a65d458966ccbe928.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.008ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {Q} }" loading="lazy"></span> (<a href="Drehmatrix" title="Drehmatrix">Drehmatrix</a> im <a href="Koordinatenraum" title="Koordinatenraum">Koordinatenraum</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c510b63578322050121fe966f2e5770bea43308d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.897ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}}" loading="lazy"></span> oder eigentlich <a href="Orthogonaler_Tensor" title="Orthogonaler Tensor">Orthogonaler Tensor</a> im <a href="Euklidischer_Vektorraum" class="mw-redirect" title="Euklidischer Vektorraum">euklidischen Vektorraum</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {V} ^{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">V</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {V} ^{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/376a8d173c8a56b6c993d77885c535cf945d1f42.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.897ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {V} ^{n}}" loading="lazy"></span>) beschrieben werden kann:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {\chi }}(S,t)=\mathbf {Q} (t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t_{0})-{\vec {\chi }}(S,t_{0})]=:\mathbf {Q} (t)\cdot {\vec {r}}_{SP}\,.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo>=:</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {\chi }}(S,t)=\mathbf {Q} (t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t_{0})-{\vec {\chi }}(S,t_{0})]=:\mathbf {Q} (t)\cdot {\vec {r}}_{SP}\,.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b5c77ba1861c3db1466111cb5f9ac0aac2f1063a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:60.423ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {\chi }}(S,t)=\mathbf {Q} (t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t_{0})-{\vec {\chi }}(S,t_{0})]=:\mathbf {Q} (t)\cdot {\vec {r}}_{SP}\,.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Der Vektor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{SP}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{SP}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d25fee5ef061c3d8deaa46c4d56ae33b507af07f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.75ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{SP}}" loading="lazy"></span> (im Bild kurz mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6aec3c9ce13b53e9e24c98e7cce4212627884c91.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.223ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}" loading="lazy"></span> bezeichnet) weist zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t_{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/02d3006c4190b1939b04d9b9bb21006fb4e6fa4a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.894ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> vom Bezugspunkt <i>S</i> zum Partikel <i>P</i>. Der Zeitpunkt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t_{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/02d3006c4190b1939b04d9b9bb21006fb4e6fa4a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.894ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> ist willkürlich gewählt aber fest. Entsprechend ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {Q} (t_{0})=\mathbf {1} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn mathvariant="bold">1</mn>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {Q} (t_{0})=\mathbf {1} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bc38a4d2c75fda666259c49630dd3153d7e4a905.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.146ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {Q} (t_{0})=\mathbf {1} }" loading="lazy"></span> mit der Einheitsmatrix <b>1</b> und für jede Drehmatrix gilt ferner <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {Q\cdot Q} ^{\top }=\mathbf {Q^{\top }\cdot Q} =\mathbf {1} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">⊤<!-- ⊤ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">⊤<!-- ⊤ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn mathvariant="bold">1</mn>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {Q\cdot Q} ^{\top }=\mathbf {Q^{\top }\cdot Q} =\mathbf {1} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/50ea35e1de6a99a10ec38cb188833ca31e790b6c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:21.945ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {Q\cdot Q} ^{\top }=\mathbf {Q^{\top }\cdot Q} =\mathbf {1} }" loading="lazy"></span>, wo <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (\cdot )^{\top }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">⊤<!-- ⊤ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (\cdot )^{\top }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ee3d42f886650bb46f2a5062fdaafa0a9a63399f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.967ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (\cdot )^{\top }}" loading="lazy"></span> die <a href="Transponierte_Matrix" title="Transponierte Matrix">Transposition</a> markiert. Die Bewegungsfunktion des Partikels <i>P</i> lautet damit:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)=&amp;{\vec {\chi }}(S,t)+[{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {\chi }}(S,t)]={\vec {s}}(t)+\mathbf {Q} (t)\cdot {\vec {r}}_{SP}\\\rightarrow {\vec {r}}_{SP}=&amp;\mathbf {Q} ^{\top }(t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]\,.\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">⊤<!-- ⊤ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)=&amp;{\vec {\chi }}(S,t)+[{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {\chi }}(S,t)]={\vec {s}}(t)+\mathbf {Q} (t)\cdot {\vec {r}}_{SP}\\\rightarrow {\vec {r}}_{SP}=&amp;\mathbf {Q} ^{\top }(t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]\,.\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/024c33df0fbed7cf0af07458ed0143efcc1028fb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:57.117ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)=&amp;{\vec {\chi }}(S,t)+[{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {\chi }}(S,t)]={\vec {s}}(t)+\mathbf {Q} (t)\cdot {\vec {r}}_{SP}\\\rightarrow {\vec {r}}_{SP}=&amp;\mathbf {Q} ^{\top }(t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]\,.\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die Geschwindigkeit des Partikels ergibt sich durch die <a href="Zeitableitung" title="Zeitableitung"> Ableitung nach der Zeit</a>, die in der <a href="Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton"> Newton</a>-Notation mit einem <a href="%C3%9Cberpunkt#Als_wissenschaftliches_Symbol" title="Überpunkt">Überpunkt</a> notiert wird:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\dot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)=&amp;{\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\mathbf {Q} }}(t)\cdot {\vec {r}}_{SP}={\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\mathbf {Q} }}(t)\cdot \mathbf {Q} ^{\top }(t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]\\=&amp;{\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+\mathbf {\Omega } (t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">⊤<!-- ⊤ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>=</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\dot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)=&amp;{\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\mathbf {Q} }}(t)\cdot {\vec {r}}_{SP}={\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\mathbf {Q} }}(t)\cdot \mathbf {Q} ^{\top }(t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]\\=&amp;{\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+\mathbf {\Omega } (t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/28c7e08a46726e816e93838d0b8cc3e3379da5a3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:65.837ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\dot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)=&amp;{\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\mathbf {Q} }}(t)\cdot {\vec {r}}_{SP}={\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\mathbf {Q} }}(t)\cdot \mathbf {Q} ^{\top }(t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]\\=&amp;{\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+\mathbf {\Omega } (t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die <i>Winkelgeschwindigkeitsmatrix</i> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {\Omega } (t):={\dot {\mathbf {Q} }}(t)\cdot \mathbf {Q} ^{\top }(t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">⊤<!-- ⊤ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {\Omega } (t):={\dot {\mathbf {Q} }}(t)\cdot \mathbf {Q} ^{\top }(t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6a638475ecb35ceb4c1c1cb6d61a959c8b8942ef.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.829ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {\Omega } (t):={\dot {\mathbf {Q} }}(t)\cdot \mathbf {Q} ^{\top }(t)}" loading="lazy"></span> ist wegen
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {\Omega +\Omega } ^{\top }={\dot {\mathbf {Q} }}\cdot \mathbf {Q} ^{\top }+\mathbf {Q} \cdot {\dot {\mathbf {Q} }}^{\top }={\frac {\mathrm {d} }{\mathrm {d} t}}(\mathbf {Q} \cdot \mathbf {Q} ^{\top })={\frac {\mathrm {d} }{\mathrm {d} t}}\mathbf {1} =\mathbf {0} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
<mo mathvariant="bold">+</mo>
<mi mathvariant="bold">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">⊤<!-- ⊤ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">⊤<!-- ⊤ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">⊤<!-- ⊤ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Q</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">⊤<!-- ⊤ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn mathvariant="bold">1</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn mathvariant="bold">0</mn>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {\Omega +\Omega } ^{\top }={\dot {\mathbf {Q} }}\cdot \mathbf {Q} ^{\top }+\mathbf {Q} \cdot {\dot {\mathbf {Q} }}^{\top }={\frac {\mathrm {d} }{\mathrm {d} t}}(\mathbf {Q} \cdot \mathbf {Q} ^{\top })={\frac {\mathrm {d} }{\mathrm {d} t}}\mathbf {1} =\mathbf {0} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e69da914089125379a47bbd79bcf3f9c1205ea25.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:55.753ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {\Omega +\Omega } ^{\top }={\dot {\mathbf {Q} }}\cdot \mathbf {Q} ^{\top }+\mathbf {Q} \cdot {\dot {\mathbf {Q} }}^{\top }={\frac {\mathrm {d} }{\mathrm {d} t}}(\mathbf {Q} \cdot \mathbf {Q} ^{\top })={\frac {\mathrm {d} }{\mathrm {d} t}}\mathbf {1} =\mathbf {0} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p><a href="Schiefsymmetrische_Matrix#Kreuzprodukt" title="Schiefsymmetrische Matrix">schiefsymmetrisch</a> und besitzt im drei-dimensionalen Raum einen dualen Vektor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f4e066a68ceb355e3314fb2b97f1c0c421ca6074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.446ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}" loading="lazy"></span> für den gilt:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {\Omega } \cdot {\vec {x}}={\vec {\omega }}\times {\vec {x}}\quad {\text{für alle}}\quad {\vec {x}}\,.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>für alle</mtext>
</mrow>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {\Omega } \cdot {\vec {x}}={\vec {\omega }}\times {\vec {x}}\quad {\text{für alle}}\quad {\vec {x}}\,.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cd0c0f1a6c818d1860e4db9c068a3d50d820bbe3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:27.773ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {\Omega } \cdot {\vec {x}}={\vec {\omega }}\times {\vec {x}}\quad {\text{für alle}}\quad {\vec {x}}\,.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Mit diesem dualen Vektor, der hier die <a href="Winkelgeschwindigkeit" title="Winkelgeschwindigkeit">Winkelgeschwindigkeit</a> darstellt, ergibt sich das Geschwindigkeitsfeld in lagrangescher Darstellung zu:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)={\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+\mathbf {\Omega } (t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]={\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]\,.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)={\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+\mathbf {\Omega } (t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]={\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]\,.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3d000bec3b03671688dbb2d5786a13def9d1f97.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:70.581ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)={\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+\mathbf {\Omega } (t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]={\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]\,.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die Geschwindigkeit des Partikels <i>P</i> am Ort <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}={\vec {\chi }}(P,t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}={\vec {\chi }}(P,t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/594d370ec563678966fa1cb50221f25e969c634c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.312ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}={\vec {\chi }}(P,t)}" loading="lazy"></span> ist also <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/aa6405c1b5c1043211060d7bee2bbc449f1dad57.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.883ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)}" loading="lazy"></span>, was in eulerscher Darstellung auf die eulersche Geschwindigkeitsgleichung führt:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}({\vec {x}},t)={\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+\mathbf {\Omega } (t)\cdot [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]={\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]\,.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}({\vec {x}},t)={\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+\mathbf {\Omega } (t)\cdot [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]={\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]\,.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c4cae2aa346a2456bf51dfdfdf230897aa020ca7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:58.778ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}({\vec {x}},t)={\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+\mathbf {\Omega } (t)\cdot [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]={\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]\,.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die Zeitableitung des Geschwindigkeitsfelds in lagrangescher Darstellung ergibt:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\ddot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)=&amp;{\ddot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\mathbf {\Omega } }}(t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]+\mathbf {\Omega } (t)\cdot [{\dot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)-{\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)]\\=&amp;{\ddot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\mathbf {\Omega } }}(t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]+\mathbf {\Omega } (t)\cdot \mathbf {\Omega } (t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>¨<!-- ¨ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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<mo>¨<!-- ¨ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
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<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>=</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>¨<!-- ¨ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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</mrow>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
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<mi mathvariant="bold">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
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<mi mathvariant="bold">Ω<!-- Ω --></mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\ddot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)=&amp;{\ddot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\mathbf {\Omega } }}(t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]+\mathbf {\Omega } (t)\cdot [{\dot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)-{\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)]\\=&amp;{\ddot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\mathbf {\Omega } }}(t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]+\mathbf {\Omega } (t)\cdot \mathbf {\Omega } (t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fbdae05452d01f905b6f943bfd42af027cb1ce69.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:68.232ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\ddot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)=&amp;{\ddot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\mathbf {\Omega } }}(t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]+\mathbf {\Omega } (t)\cdot [{\dot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)-{\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)]\\=&amp;{\ddot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\mathbf {\Omega } }}(t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]+\mathbf {\Omega } (t)\cdot \mathbf {\Omega } (t)\cdot [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>oder in drei Dimensionen mit dem dualen Vektor:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ddot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)={\ddot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\vec {\omega }}}(t)\times [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]+{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]]\,.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>¨<!-- ¨ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>¨<!-- ¨ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ddot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)={\ddot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\vec {\omega }}}(t)\times [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]+{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]]\,.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/675f1aa1fc47d6f0c8db24c377af09f29a6b4d29.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:72.481ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ddot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)={\ddot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\vec {\omega }}}(t)\times [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]+{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {\chi }}(P,t)-{\vec {s}}(t)]]\,.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die Beschleunigung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}({\vec {x}},t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}({\vec {x}},t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2ac27b172b5b9a01ceafe0a10e48885801fc226f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.242ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}({\vec {x}},t)}" loading="lazy"></span> des Partikels <i>P</i> am Ort <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}={\vec {\chi }}(P,t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}={\vec {\chi }}(P,t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/594d370ec563678966fa1cb50221f25e969c634c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.312ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}={\vec {\chi }}(P,t)}" loading="lazy"></span> ist also <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ddot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>¨<!-- ¨ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ddot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cb8ac0b9e8c632e920c3e85e537551904590cccb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.883ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ddot {\vec {\chi }}}(P,t)}" loading="lazy"></span>, was in eulerscher Darstellung wie oben bereits angegeben so geschrieben werden kann:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}({\vec {x}},t)={\ddot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\vec {\omega }}}(t)\times [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]+{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>¨<!-- ¨ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}({\vec {x}},t)={\ddot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\vec {\omega }}}(t)\times [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]+{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5462136f4586d01d58d427f0a4ebc39271d7b137.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:59.698ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}({\vec {x}},t)={\ddot {\vec {s}}}(t)+{\dot {\vec {\omega }}}(t)\times [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]+{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {\omega }}(t)\times [{\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}(t)]]}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Hier wird die obige Aussage deutlich: Das Argument <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/db2dc6ced9cc3bc7e8b9f2707cbec033f6d3759c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}" loading="lazy"></span> des Geschwindigkeits- und Beschleunigungsfeldes ist ein Raumpunkt und nicht das Partikel <i>P</i>, das sich dort aufhält.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freiheitsgrade_und_Konfigurationsraum">Freiheitsgrade und Konfigurationsraum</h2></div>

<p>Die <a href="Freiheitsgrad" title="Freiheitsgrad">Freiheitsgrade</a> eines <i>n</i>-Teilchen-Systems bilden einen sogenannten <a href="Konfigurationsraum" title="Konfigurationsraum">Konfigurationsraum</a>. Dieser setzt sich bei starren Körpern aus drei Freiheitsgraden bezüglich der Position und drei weiteren bezüglich der Orientierung zusammen. Neben verschiedenen ortsfesten <a href="Koordinatensystem" title="Koordinatensystem">Koordinatensystemen</a>, die eine Beschreibung der Position erlauben, bieten die <a href="Eulersche_Winkel" title="Eulersche Winkel">Eulerschen Winkel</a> eine Möglichkeit zur Beschreibung der Orientierung, die besonders in der Luft- und <a href="Raumfahrt" title="Raumfahrt">Raumfahrt</a> eine wichtige Rolle einnimmt.
</p><p>Zur Anschauung kann ein freier Körper wie ein (<a href="Kunstflug" title="Kunstflug">kunstflugtaugliches</a>) <a href="Flugzeug" title="Flugzeug">Flugzeug</a> herangezogen werden, welches drei Freiheitsgrade einer geradlinigen Bewegung besitzt, da es sich frei in drei Raumdimensionen bewegen kann. Hinzu kommen drei weitere Freiheitsgrade der Drehungen um räumliche (unabhängige) Drehachsen.
</p><p>Offensichtlich vermindert nun jede Einschränkung der Bewegungsmöglichkeit die Anzahl der Freiheitsgrade. Wird beispielsweise ein Massenpunkt des starren Körpers räumlich fixiert, so kann man in diesen den Ursprung des Bezugssystems legen. Damit fallen die drei Freiheitsgrade der Translation weg. Dadurch reduziert sich die Bewegung auf eine reine Änderung der Orientierung und es bleiben nur mehr drei Freiheitsgrade. Wird ein weiterer Punkt festgehalten, so kann der Körper nur noch um eine raumfeste <a href="Drehachse" class="mw-redirect" title="Drehachse">Drehachse</a> rotieren und hat damit nur noch einen Freiheitsgrad, nämlich die <a href="Rotation_(Physik)" title="Rotation (Physik)">Rotation</a> um diese Achse. Legt man schließlich noch einen dritten Punkt des Körpers fest, der sich nicht auf der Achse der ersten zwei Punkte befindet, so verliert er auch den letzten Freiheitsgrad und ist damit bewegungslos. Jede weitere räumliche Fixierung von Punkten führt nunmehr zu einer sogenannten <a href="Statisch_bestimmt" class="mw-redirect" title="Statisch bestimmt">statischen Überbestimmtheit</a>, die in der <a href="Statik_(Physik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Statik (Physik)">Statik</a> eine wichtige Rolle spielt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ansätze_zur_Bestimmung_der_Bewegungsgleichung"><span id="Ans.C3.A4tze_zur_Bestimmung_der_Bewegungsgleichung"></span>Ansätze zur Bestimmung der Bewegungsgleichung</h2></div>
<p>Nach der Modellvoraussetzung gelten konstante Distanzen zwischen den Teilchen.
Aus dem <a href="Schwerpunktsatz" title="Schwerpunktsatz">Schwerpunktsatz</a> lassen sich nun einige Folgerungen ziehen:
</p>
<ul><li>Für die Wirkung eines Systems äußerer Kräfte auf einen starren Körper sind nur die <a href="Resultierende_Kraft" title="Resultierende Kraft">resultierende Kraft</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>F</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ef40edff397a115ecdce7d3518001dfcc7f37d9e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.771ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und das resultierende <a href="Drehmoment" title="Drehmoment">Drehmoment</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {M}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {M}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b903a0e453efca49cfda6ba33edb465de21a6b1d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {M}}}" loading="lazy"></span> entscheidend. Alle <a href="Kr%C3%A4ftesystem" title="Kräftesystem">Kräftesysteme</a> mit gleichen Resultierenden sind somit in ihrer Wirkung <a href="Statische_%C3%84quivalenz" title="Statische Äquivalenz">äquivalent</a>.</li>
<li>Der <a href="Tr%C3%A4gheitstensor" title="Trägheitstensor">Trägheitstensor</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {I} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">I</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {I} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8a458c8aeb096ce732abf346ae8edf3e4f53a126.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.014ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {I} }" loading="lazy"></span> eines starren Körpers ist bezüglich eines körperfesten <a href="Schwerpunktsystem" title="Schwerpunktsystem">Schwerpunktsystems</a> konstant.</li></ul>
<p>Häufig werden dem Modell zudem weitere Idealisierungen zugrunde gelegt, die es erlauben sogenannte <a href="Erhaltungssatz" title="Erhaltungssatz">Erhaltungssätze</a> zur Bestimmung der <a href="Bewegungsgleichung" title="Bewegungsgleichung">Bewegungsgleichung</a> einzuführen:
</p><p>Wird ein <a href="Abgeschlossenes_System" title="Abgeschlossenes System">abgeschlossenes System</a> angenommen, so folgt aus dem <a href="Impulserhaltungssatz" title="Impulserhaltungssatz">Impulserhaltungssatz</a>, dass der vektorielle <a href="Impuls" title="Impuls">Impuls</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/84fee53c81592db54e0fe6c6f9eba002bb1dc74b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.415ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}" loading="lazy"></span> des Systems bezüglich seines Schwerpunktes konstant ist:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}=m{\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)={\vec {\mathrm {const.} }}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mo>.</mo>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}=m{\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)={\vec {\mathrm {const.} }}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f7ce196647067706c6da06f6a5b6eb25e845d3e7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:19.513ex; height:4.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}=m{\dot {\vec {s}}}(t)={\vec {\mathrm {const.} }}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Aus dem <a href="Drehimpulserhaltungssatz" class="mw-redirect" title="Drehimpulserhaltungssatz">Drehimpulserhaltungssatz</a> folgt, dass der vektorielle <a href="Gesamtdrehimpuls" title="Gesamtdrehimpuls">Gesamtdrehimpuls</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {L}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {L}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a0c139fc28d6ca3873993892f44e7331e5ff18fd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.583ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {L}}}" loading="lazy"></span> des Systems bezüglich seines Schwerpunktes konstant ist:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {L}}=\mathbf {I} (t)\cdot {\vec {\omega }}(t)={\vec {\mathrm {const.} }}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">I</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mo>.</mo>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {L}}=\mathbf {I} (t)\cdot {\vec {\omega }}(t)={\vec {\mathrm {const.} }}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0e9bf5eead5a1ff61df718faca44232984cb321b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:23.171ex; height:4.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {L}}=\mathbf {I} (t)\cdot {\vec {\omega }}(t)={\vec {\mathrm {const.} }}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>In den beiden Formeln bezeichnen
</p>
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0a07d98bb302f3856cbabc47b2b9016692e3f7bc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.04ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m}" loading="lazy"></span> die Masse des Körpers,</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {s}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {s}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/57ce74ecbbc0e198d0bb4b1b2ffc0cb9669b72e1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.223ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {s}}}" loading="lazy"></span> den Schwerpunkt des Körpers,</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {I} (t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">I</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {I} (t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e46f6dc64897382bee8dba0199cc395be9ac7bd4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.663ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {I} (t)}" loading="lazy"></span> den Trägheitstensor des starren Körpers bezüglich seines Schwerpunktes und</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f4e066a68ceb355e3314fb2b97f1c0c421ca6074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.446ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}" loading="lazy"></span>(<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}" loading="lazy"></span>) die vektorielle Winkelgeschwindigkeit zum Zeitpunkt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
<p>In nicht abgeschlossenen Systemen entspricht die Änderung des Impulses der von außen angreifenden, <a href="Resultierende_Kraft" title="Resultierende Kraft">resultierenden Kraft</a> und es gilt das <a href="Zweites_newtonsches_Gesetz" class="mw-redirect" title="Zweites newtonsches Gesetz"> zweite Newtonsche Gesetz</a>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {\vec {p}}}=m{\ddot {\vec {s}}}={\vec {F}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>¨<!-- ¨ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>F</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {\vec {p}}}=m{\ddot {\vec {s}}}={\vec {F}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ae319d259c8a2578ddc264fff9aa0dbaad6f005d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:13.361ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {\vec {p}}}=m{\ddot {\vec {s}}}={\vec {F}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Weiter ist nach dem <a href="Drallsatz" title="Drallsatz">Drallsatz</a> die Änderung des Drehimpulses gleich dem von außen angreifenden, resultierenden Moment. Bezüglich des Schwerpunkts des Körpers oder eines unbeschleunigten Bezugspunkts gilt die <a href="Eulersche_Gleichungen_(Kreiseltheorie)" title="Eulersche Gleichungen (Kreiseltheorie)">Eulersche Gleichung</a>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {\vec {L}}}={\vec {\omega }}\times \mathbf {I} \cdot {\vec {\omega }}+\mathbf {I} \cdot {\dot {\vec {\omega }}}={\vec {M}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">I</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">I</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {\vec {L}}}={\vec {\omega }}\times \mathbf {I} \cdot {\vec {\omega }}+\mathbf {I} \cdot {\dot {\vec {\omega }}}={\vec {M}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/49908f3d305a05bffb81931159a79fd0e11faeb4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:26.273ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {\vec {L}}}={\vec {\omega }}\times \mathbf {I} \cdot {\vec {\omega }}+\mathbf {I} \cdot {\dot {\vec {\omega }}}={\vec {M}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Wird ein <a href="Konservatives_Kraftfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="Konservatives Kraftfeld">konservatives Kraftfeld</a> zugrunde gelegt, so folgt aus dem <a href="Energieerhaltungssatz" title="Energieerhaltungssatz">Energieerhaltungssatz</a>, dass die mechanische Gesamtenergie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}" loading="lazy"></span> konstant ist:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E=E_{\mathrm {trans} }(t)+E_{\mathrm {rot} }(t)+E_{\mathrm {pot} }(t)=\mathrm {const.} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mo>.</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E=E_{\mathrm {trans} }(t)+E_{\mathrm {rot} }(t)+E_{\mathrm {pot} }(t)=\mathrm {const.} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d0de847a079628626a92369c2e1347f18f3c6bed.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:41.548ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E=E_{\mathrm {trans} }(t)+E_{\mathrm {rot} }(t)+E_{\mathrm {pot} }(t)=\mathrm {const.} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Dabei bezeichnen:
</p>
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {trans} }(t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {trans} }(t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c560549f5d66a35a7b69a104f128d04d1ac7573e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.265ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {trans} }(t)}" loading="lazy"></span> die <a href="Translation_(Physik)" title="Translation (Physik)">Translationsenergie</a> und</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {rot} }(t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {rot} }(t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e2c89d47f62c0ca6fa12d57e50c95c70e61d1021.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.703ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {rot} }(t)}" loading="lazy"></span> die <a href="Rotationsenergie" title="Rotationsenergie">Rotationsenergie</a>, die beide zusammen die <a href="Kinetische_Energie" title="Kinetische Energie">kinetische Energie</a> des Körpers zum Zeitpunkt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}" loading="lazy"></span> bilden, und</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {pot} }(t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {pot} }(t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/51f8b7ba7cda1587aea795f42ef375576fedc027.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:6.972ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {pot} }(t)}" loading="lazy"></span> ist die <a href="Potentielle_Energie" title="Potentielle Energie">potentielle Energie</a> zum Zeitpunkt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}" loading="lazy"></span>.</li></ul>
<p>Eine <a href="Form%C3%A4nderungsenergie" class="mw-redirect" title="Formänderungsenergie">Formänderungsenergie</a>, die bei nicht starren, <a href="Hyperelastizit%C3%A4t" title="Hyperelastizität">elastischen</a> Körpern noch zu addieren wäre, entfällt hier <a href="Per_definitionem" class="mw-redirect" title="Per definitionem">per definitionem</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eindeutigkeit_der_Winkelgeschwindigkeit">Eindeutigkeit der Winkelgeschwindigkeit</h2></div>
<p>Die Winkelgeschwindigkeit ist unabhängig davon, welcher Punkt als Bezugspunkt der Starrkörperbewegung gewählt wird. Wenn also zwei verschiedene Formulierungen
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\vec {v}}_{1}({\vec {x}},t)=&amp;{\dot {\vec {s}}}_{1}+{\vec {\omega }}_{1}\times ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}_{1})\\{\vec {v}}_{2}({\vec {x}},t)=&amp;{\dot {\vec {s}}}_{2}+{\vec {\omega }}_{2}\times ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}_{2})\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\vec {v}}_{1}({\vec {x}},t)=&amp;{\dot {\vec {s}}}_{1}+{\vec {\omega }}_{1}\times ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}_{1})\\{\vec {v}}_{2}({\vec {x}},t)=&amp;{\dot {\vec {s}}}_{2}+{\vec {\omega }}_{2}\times ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}_{2})\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d9057ff7f1f08a86dab2295cb0bb9ef49c9db345.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:29.196ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\vec {v}}_{1}({\vec {x}},t)=&amp;{\dot {\vec {s}}}_{1}+{\vec {\omega }}_{1}\times ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}_{1})\\{\vec {v}}_{2}({\vec {x}},t)=&amp;{\dot {\vec {s}}}_{2}+{\vec {\omega }}_{2}\times ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}_{2})\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>für dieselbe Bewegung vorliegen, dann ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}_{1}={\vec {\omega }}_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}_{1}={\vec {\omega }}_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ffc9de796bfb741e2fcdd6da904a082147e0033e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.099ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}_{1}={\vec {\omega }}_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> – zumindest in nicht eindimensionalen Körpern. Denn die Geschwindigkeit des ersten Bezugspunkts kann mit dem zweiten Geschwindigkeitsfeld ausgedrückt werden:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\dot {\vec {s}}}_{1}={\vec {v}}_{2}({\vec {s}}_{1},t)={\dot {\vec {s}}}_{2}+{\vec {\omega }}_{2}\times ({\vec {s}}_{1}-{\vec {s}}_{2})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\dot {\vec {s}}}_{1}={\vec {v}}_{2}({\vec {s}}_{1},t)={\dot {\vec {s}}}_{2}+{\vec {\omega }}_{2}\times ({\vec {s}}_{1}-{\vec {s}}_{2})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5e06e251329f1a327c9c15a73bf62273094ab2bb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:36.395ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\dot {\vec {s}}}_{1}={\vec {v}}_{2}({\vec {s}}_{1},t)={\dot {\vec {s}}}_{2}+{\vec {\omega }}_{2}\times ({\vec {s}}_{1}-{\vec {s}}_{2})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Vergleich der Geschwindigkeitsfelder zeigt:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\vec {v}}_{1}({\vec {x}},t)=&amp;{\dot {\vec {s}}}_{2}+{\vec {\omega }}_{2}\times ({\vec {s}}_{1}-{\vec {s}}_{2})+{\vec {\omega }}_{1}\times ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}_{1})={\dot {\vec {s}}}_{2}+{\vec {\omega }}_{2}\times ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}_{2})={\vec {v}}_{2}({\vec {x}},t)\\\Rightarrow {\vec {0}}=&amp;({\vec {\omega }}_{1}-{\vec {\omega }}_{2})\times ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}_{1})\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>˙<!-- ˙ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo stretchy="false">⇒<!-- ⇒ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\vec {v}}_{1}({\vec {x}},t)=&amp;{\dot {\vec {s}}}_{2}+{\vec {\omega }}_{2}\times ({\vec {s}}_{1}-{\vec {s}}_{2})+{\vec {\omega }}_{1}\times ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}_{1})={\dot {\vec {s}}}_{2}+{\vec {\omega }}_{2}\times ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}_{2})={\vec {v}}_{2}({\vec {x}},t)\\\Rightarrow {\vec {0}}=&amp;({\vec {\omega }}_{1}-{\vec {\omega }}_{2})\times ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}_{1})\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f3004c33cd4835910abfed5f1f7a3ee93b13f9a6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:78.769ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\vec {v}}_{1}({\vec {x}},t)=&amp;{\dot {\vec {s}}}_{2}+{\vec {\omega }}_{2}\times ({\vec {s}}_{1}-{\vec {s}}_{2})+{\vec {\omega }}_{1}\times ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}_{1})={\dot {\vec {s}}}_{2}+{\vec {\omega }}_{2}\times ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}_{2})={\vec {v}}_{2}({\vec {x}},t)\\\Rightarrow {\vec {0}}=&amp;({\vec {\omega }}_{1}-{\vec {\omega }}_{2})\times ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}_{1})\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Bei verschiedenen Winkelgeschwindigkeiten <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}_{1,2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}_{1,2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5316b014f1c741da57c8ab56b40b3ba0417f4d2d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.779ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}_{1,2}}" loading="lazy"></span> muss also <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}_{1})\parallel ({\vec {\omega }}_{1}-{\vec {\omega }}_{2})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>∥<!-- ∥ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}_{1})\parallel ({\vec {\omega }}_{1}-{\vec {\omega }}_{2})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d06f2a61cb6ec83913cd8644fe171584c5de51ee.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.359ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {s}}_{1})\parallel ({\vec {\omega }}_{1}-{\vec {\omega }}_{2})}" loading="lazy"></span> für alle Punkte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/db2dc6ced9cc3bc7e8b9f2707cbec033f6d3759c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}" loading="lazy"></span> im Körper sein, was nur in ein-dimensionalen Körpern der Fall sein kann. Bei flächigen oder voluminösen Körpern müssen die Winkelgeschwindigkeiten übereinstimmen: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}_{1}={\vec {\omega }}_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
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</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
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<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}_{1}={\vec {\omega }}_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ffc9de796bfb741e2fcdd6da904a082147e0033e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.099ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}_{1}={\vec {\omega }}_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bornsche_Starrheit">Bornsche Starrheit</h2></div>
<div class="hauptartikel" role="navigation"><span class="hauptartikel-pfeil" title="siehe" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">→&nbsp;</span><i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="Bornsche_Starrheit" title="Bornsche Starrheit">Bornsche Starrheit</a></i></div>
<p>Das Konzept des starren Körpers ist inkonsistent mit den Vorhersagen der <a href="Relativit%C3%A4tstheorie" title="Relativitätstheorie">Relativitätstheorie</a>, da nach ihm stets der gesamte Körper auf Kräfte und Drehmomente gleichzeitig reagiert, was impliziert, dass ihre Wirkungen sich innerhalb des Körpers mit unendlicher Geschwindigkeit ausbreiten, insbesondere also schneller als mit der <a href="Vakuumlichtgeschwindigkeit" class="mw-redirect" title="Vakuumlichtgeschwindigkeit">Vakuumlichtgeschwindigkeit</a> c. Bei realen Körpern breiten sich Wirkungen hingegen üblicherweise mit der für den Körper spezifischen <a href="Schallgeschwindigkeit" title="Schallgeschwindigkeit">Schallgeschwindigkeit</a> aus, die weit unterhalb von c liegt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Euklidische_Transformation" title="Euklidische Transformation">Euklidische Transformation</a></li>
<li><a href="Geschwindigkeitsgradient#Starrkörperbewegung" title="Geschwindigkeitsgradient">Geschwindigkeitsgradient#Starrkörperbewegung</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><cite style="font-style:italic">Starrer Körper</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Lexikon der Physik</cite>. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 1998 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/physik/starrer-koerper/13761">spektrum.de</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Starrer+K%C3%B6rper&amp;rft.atitle=Starrer+K%C3%B6rper&amp;rft.btitle=Lexikon+der+Physik&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=Heidelberg&amp;rft.pub=Spektrum+Akademischer+Verlag" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span class="cite"><a href="Rudolf_Gross_(Physiker)" title="Rudolf Gross (Physiker)">Rudolf Gross</a>, Achim Marx: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wmi.badw.de/fileadmin/WMI/Lecturenotes/Physics_1/Gross_Physik_I_Kap_2.pdf"><i>Kap. 2: Mechanik des Starren Körpers.</i></a> (pdf) In: <i>Vorlesungsskript Physik I.</i> <a href="BAdW" class="mw-redirect" title="BAdW">BAdW</a>, 1999<span style="display:none">;</span><span class="Abrufdatum" style="display:none"> abgerufen am 28.&nbsp;Februar 2018</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AStarrer+K%C3%B6rper&amp;rft.title=Kap.+2%3A+Mechanik+des+Starren+K%C3%B6rpers&amp;rft.description=Kap.+2%3A+Mechanik+des+Starren+K%C3%B6rpers&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wmi.badw.de%2Ffileadmin%2FWMI%2FLecturenotes%2FPhysics_1%2FGross_Physik_I_Kap_2.pdf&amp;rft.creator=%5B%5BRudolf+Gross+%28Physiker%29%7CRudolf+Gross%5D%5D%2C+Achim+Marx&amp;rft.publisher=%5B%5BBAdW%5D%5D&amp;rft.date=1999">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span class="cite"><a class="external text" href="https://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Mechanik_starrer_K%C3%B6rper"><i>Band 6: Mechanik starrer Körper.</i></a> In: <i>Wikibook: Einführung in die Theoretische Physik.</i><span class="Abrufdatum" style="display:none"> Abgerufen am 28.&nbsp;Februar 2018</span></span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AStarrer+K%C3%B6rper&amp;rft.title=Band+6%3A+Mechanik+starrer+K%C3%B6rper&amp;rft.description=Band+6%3A+Mechanik+starrer+K%C3%B6rper&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fde.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FMechanik_starrer_K%25C3%25B6rper&amp;rft.date=">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span class="cite">Anton Gferrer: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geometrie.eduhi.at/data/AK/Kinematik/Kinematik_und_Robotik.pdf"><i>Kinematik und Robotik.</i></a> (pdf) 2. Fassung. November 2008<span style="display:none">;</span><span class="Abrufdatum" style="display:none"> abgerufen am 28.&nbsp;Februar 2018</span> (deutsch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AStarrer+K%C3%B6rper&amp;rft.title=Kinematik+und+Robotik&amp;rft.description=Kinematik+und+Robotik&amp;rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fgeometrie.eduhi.at%2Fdata%2FAK%2FKinematik%2FKinematik_und_Robotik.pdf&amp;rft.creator=Anton+Gferrer&amp;rft.date=2008-11&amp;rft.language=deutsch">&nbsp;</span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beta.dwds.de/wb/stereo-"><i>DWDS – stereo- – Worterklärung, Grammatik, Etymologie u. v. m.</i></a> <a href="Berlin-Brandenburgische_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften" title="Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften">Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften</a>,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 29.&nbsp;Februar 2020</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AStarrer+K%C3%B6rper&amp;rft.title=DWDS+%E2%80%93+stereo-+%E2%80%93+Worterkl%C3%A4rung%2C+Grammatik%2C+Etymologie+u.%E2%80%AFv.%E2%80%AFm.&amp;rft.description=DWDS+%E2%80%93+stereo-+%E2%80%93+Worterkl%C3%A4rung%2C+Grammatik%2C+Etymologie+u.%E2%80%AFv.%E2%80%AFm.&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fbeta.dwds.de%2Fwb%2Fstereo-&amp;rft.publisher=%5B%5BBerlin-Brandenburgische+Akademie+der+Wissenschaften%5D%5D">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gross et al.: <i>Technische Mechanik</i>, Springer, 11. Auflage, S. 117.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mahnken: <i>Technische Mechanik</i>, Springer, 2012, S. 224.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dinkler: <i>Grundlagen der Baustatik</i>, Springer, 4. Auflage, S. 15–18.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Lindner1984-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lindner1984_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Albrecht Lindner: <cite style="font-style:italic">Drehimpulse in der Quantenmechanik</cite>. Teubner-Studienbücher, Stuttgart 1984, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>77</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Starrer+K%C3%B6rper&amp;rft.au=Albrecht+Lindner&amp;rft.btitle=Drehimpulse+in+der+Quantenmechanik&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=77&amp;rft.place=Stuttgart&amp;rft.pub=Teubner-Studienb%C3%BCcher" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
</ol>
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